See this beautiful original oil painting “End of Flight” of an eagle landing at end of flight, on my website: www.MonnaBarrick.com
To purchase: Store
See these beautiful original oil paintings with a focus on Desert Southwest scenes, landscapes, individuals on my website: www.MonnaBarrick.com
See these original oil paintings with a focus on Native American, Indian, culture, and individuals on my website: www.MonnaBarrick.com
>>> From: http://www.historyonthenet.com/Native_Americans/tribes.htm
There were many different Native American tribes and those with similar characteristics formed a main tribe or nation. Each had its own language, religion and customs.
For the most part the tribes lived peaceably believing that nature was sacred and was to be shared. However, the coming of the Europeans and the removal of their land led to conflict both between the different tribes and between the Indians and whites.
By the end of the nineteenth century the Indians had lost their fight to preserve their traditional way of life and those that had survived the conflicts were confined to reservations.
| Name | Nomadic/ Static | Famous Leaders | Brief Facts |
| Apache | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Geronimo, Cochise | Made up of several different groups Lived in extended family units Usual shelter was a dome-shaped lodge called a wickiup Polygamy was allowed but rarely practised Reliant on the buffalo Frequent disputes with the Comanches led to their weakening in the 1700s Traded with the Pueblas in Mexico or raided Spanish villages for goods and horses 1861 conflict between Apaches led by Cochise and Americans in protest at being forced onto reservations 1874 a group of Apaches led by Geronimo escaped capture and fled to Mexico 1886 Geronimo forced to surrender and taken to FortMarion in Florida |
| Arapaho | Nomadic
Hunters |
Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo Perform Sun Dance in the summer Frequent conflicts with Shoshone and Pawnee tribes 1864 Arapaho were among those slaughtered in the Sand Creek Massacre 1867 placed on Oklahoma reservation 1876 Northern Arapaho placed on Wind River reservation in Wyoming 1889 Active in bringing about the Ghost Dance movement |
|
| Blackfoot | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Crowfoot | Made up of several different groups Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Polygamy was usual Reliant on the buffalo Performed Sun Dance in the summer Mid 1800s many killed by smallpox 1870 200 killed in the Marias Massacre |
| Cherokee | Static
Hunter-farmer |
Sequoyah | Made up of seven different clans Usual shelter was cane and mud plaster huts Women were in charge of the home and land Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Grew corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers Used canoes 1821 Sequoyah invented the Cherokee alphabet 1838-9 moved west to Oklahoma (Trail of Tears – 4000+ died on the 800 mile journey) |
| Cheyenne | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Black Kettle | Made up of ten different bands Allied with Arapaho and Sioux Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo 1864 Cheyenne were among those slaughtered in the Sand Creek Massacre 1876 Northern Cheyenne took part in the Battle of the Little Bighorn 1877 Many forced to Oklahoma those that resisted were shot |
| Comanche | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Established around 1700 after breaking away from Shoshone Led by Peace Chief and War Chief Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo Frequent conflicts with Apache and Spanish 50% killed by smallpox and cholera in the mid 1800s 1874-5 Took part in the Buffalo War (Red River War) in protest at the numbers of buffalo being slaughtered By 1879 most were on Fort Sill reservation |
|
| Crow | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Medicine Crow | Established around 1700 after breaking away from the Sioux Two groups – Mountain Crow and River Crow Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo Frequent conflict with Sioux, Shoshone and Blackfoot 1851 Given 35 million acres of land 1868 Land reduced to 8 million acres 1870 Placed on reservation in Oklahoma |
| Navajo | Semi-Nomadic
Hunter-farmer |
Moved to south-west around 1500 Usual shelter was a hogan (round stick house covered with mud or hides) Women were in charge of the home and owned the hogan Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Kept sheep and women spun and wove wool into cloth Traded with the Spanish Frequent conflict with Spanish Conflict with Americans following Mexican War 1849 1863 American forceunder Kit Carson killed Navajo sheep 1863-4 Forced to move 300 miles to Fort Sumner (The Long Walk) many died on the way 1869 Placed on reservation and given 30,000 sheep by US governement |
|
| Nez Perce | Semi-Nomadic
Hunter gatherer |
Chief Joseph | Made up of two groups – Upper and Lower Nez Perce Name given by the French on account of the tribe piercing their noses Usual shelter originally a longhouse but later used tipis Women were in charge of the home Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Made canoes and fished for salmon Frequent conflict with Crow and Shoshone 1863 Allocated land reduced by 7 million acres 1877 Under Chief Joseph actively resisted being moved to reservation (Nez Perce War) Defeated at the Battle of Bear Paw Mountains |
| Pawnee | Semi-Nomadic
Hunter-farmer |
Made up of four different bands Usual shelter was an earth lodge but used tipis when hunting Women were in charge of the home Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Many killed by smallpox and cholera in the mid 1800s 1825 recognised supremacy of US government 1830-1860 – gave up increasing amounts of land to US government Many Pawnee became scouts for the US government 1876 Moved to Oklahoma reservation |
|
| Shawnee | Nomadic
Hunter-farmer |
Tecumseh, Black Hoof | Made up of five different groups Allied with Cherokee Usual shelter was a wikkum or wigwam (small round dwelling) Women were in charge of the home and farming corn Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Used canoes 1740-1760 Caught up in the conflict between the French and British over Ohio Some fought for the British in the War of Independence while others remained neutral Tecumseh led resistance against American expansion but was killed in 1813 Black Hoof led resistance against Indian removal until his death in 1831 1832 Shawnee tribe were living on reservations |
| Shoshone | Nomadic
Hunter-gatherer |
Pocatello, Bear Hunter | Made up of seven different groups Usual shelter was a tipi but some lived in brushwood shelters Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo Driven from their land by Mormon settlement of Utah 1862 Bear Hunter led a series of raids on Mormon livestock 1863 Bear Hunter and 250 Shoshone killed in Bear River Massacre After 1863 remaining Shoshone moved to Fort Hall reservation |
| Sioux | Nomadic
Hunter |
Red Cloud, Sitting Bull Crazy Horse |
Made up of seven different groups Largest Indian tribe Usual shelter was a tipi Women were in charge of the home and owned the tipi Men were in charge of hunting for food and protecting the camp Reliant on the buffalo Performed the Sun Dance in the summer 1862 Group led by Little Crow massacred 800 settlers in Minnesota 1866-68 Red Cloud led resistance to white settlement along the Bozeman Trail (Red Cloud’s War) 1876 Took part in the Battle of the Little Bighorn 1890 Finally defeated at Battle of Wounded Knee |
Fine Art, Original Oil Paintings, focusing on the beautiful desert flora and fauna of Arizona and the Southwest.
Vibrant paintings of native indians and their culture.
4 “Elephant Head in Tubac” 30×40 Framed
12 “Superstitions” 12×24 Framed
23 “Crayola Sunset” 30×40 Framed SOLD
36X48 SOLD
3 “Down Tubac Way” 30×45 Framed SOLD
GO TO WEBSITE TO SEE ALL AVAILABLE
ORIGINAL OIL PAINTINGS BY MONNA BARRICK: www.MonnaBarrick.com
Fine Art, Original Oil Paintings, focusing on the beautiful desert flora and fauna of Arizona and the Southwest. Vibrant paintings of native indians and their culture.
11 “Eagletail Rock” 16×20 Framed (shown above)
Go to www.MonnaBarrick.com
| Item # | Painting Title | Size |
| 2 | “End of Flight” | 30×40 Framed |
| 3 | “Down Tubac Way” SOLD | 30×45 Framed |
| 4 | “Elephant Head in Tubac” | 30×40 Framed |
| 5 | “White Poppy’s” | 30×40 Gallery Wrapped |
| 6 | “Indian Lady Going to Pick Berries” | 24×36 Not Framed |
| 7 | “Roundup” | 22×28 Not Framed |
| 8 | “Afternoon Tea in Mexico” | 18×24 Not Framed |
| 9 | “At Watering Hole” | 20×24 Glicee Print Wrapped |
| 10 | “Rocky Point” | 16×20 Framed |
| 11 | “Eagletail Rock” | 16×20 Framed |
| 12 | “Superstitions” | 12×24 Framed |
| 13 | “Desert Beauty” | 20×24 Framed |
| 14 | “Tiaquepaque” | 10×20 Framed |
| 15 | “Life on the Plains” | 18×24 Framed |
| 16 | “Peasant Girl and Dog” | 16×20 Framed |
| 17 | “Serenading Quail” | 11×14 Framed |
| 18 | “Italy” | 10×20 Framed |
| 19 | “Dancer-Female” | 10×20 Framed |
| 20 | “Portrait of an Indian Lady” | 22×28 Not Framed |
| 21 | “Dancer-Male” | 10×20 Framed |
| 22 | “Yellow Prickly Pears” | 12×24 Framed |
| 23 | “Crayola Sunset” SOLD | 30×40 Framed |
| 24 | “Chief” | 24×36 Framed |
| 25 | “Tiaquepaque Court Yard” | 12×16 Not Framed |
| 26 | “Indian Child” | 11×14 Not Framed |
| 27 | “Springtime in the Mountains” | 16×20 Not Framed |
| 28 | “Pinetop Barn” | 16×20 Not Framed |
| 29 | “Italy Windowbox” | 8×10 Framed |
| 30 | “Gamble Quail” | 8×10 Framed |
| 31 | “Pinetop” | 24×36 Enhanced Glicee Print Framed |
At an elevation of 6,800 feet, Pinetop-Lakeside is surrounded by the natural beauty of the White Mountains, the Apache/Sitgreaves National Forest, and the Fort Apache Reservation. Hiking, biking, horseback riding, hunting, and fishing are popular recreational activities; camping and picnic facilities are provided throughout the area, and the White Mountain Trail system provides over 180 miles of developed multi-use trails.
Founded in the early 1880’s by Mormon pioneers, Lakeside derived its name from the area’s lakes, while Pinetop was named for a saloon keeper who served the Fort Apache soldiers. The two communities of Pinetop and Lakeside incorporated as one town in 1984.
Here, sunny skies and four classic seasons enhance a variety of activities. In winter, visitors can enjoy sledding or tobogganing, snow boarding, ice-fishing, and, of course, world-class downhill and cross-country skiing at the nearby Sunrise Park Resort. Miles of groomed trails and first-rate facilities draw enthusiasts from around the world.
Spring, too, is a special time. Frozen lakes and streams open themselves to fishermen (some of the best fishing of the year can be found in spring), boaters, hikers and adventurers. Meadow grasses turn green, and wildflowers dot the landscape; as the earth rejuvenates, so does the spirit.
In summer, with stubborn patches of gleaming snow still clinging to her summits, the White Mountains offer visitors a variety of scenic attractions and an unlimited array of outdoor activities. Some 50 alpine lakes and 800 miles of cold, crystal clear rivers and springs draw visitors throughout the season to this mountain playground.
Autumn is a favorite season for many, when the land and its inhabitants prepare for the coming snows. The White Mountains offer a change of colors to rival any in the nation, with the added pleasure of relative solitude. Wildlife is abundant, trails are not crowded. Hunters and fishermen enjoy spectacular sport; hiking and sightseeing are at their best.
In the White Mountains, whatever the season, whatever your interest, it’s always the right time to visit, and you are always welcome!
Pictures above from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_poppy
Below from http://www.auntyflo.com/flower-dictionary/white-poppy
Fact: Although poppy flowers are known all over the world because of its enchanting beauty, some of its species (like the Papaver somniferum) are banned in some countries – because of its opium producing feature. Poppy flower in tea form are known to have sedating effects and its seeds are mostly used in pastries for flavoring.
It is said that in ancient times, the Greek god of corn was so exhausted in looking for her missing child that she could not grow corn. Therefore, the Greek god of sleep created poppies to make the god of corn sleep. Thus, it is believed that poppies are necessary – so corn could grow well.
The White Poppy means Peace as the original real red poppies were more famous as flowers commemorating soldiers who died in the war. The Co-operative Women’s Guild was the first once to sell the artificial White Poppies in 1933. The artificial form of the poppy flower were sold by groups of women who have lost fathers, husbands, brothers and even children during the war and desire that no further bloodshed prevail. Since then, the White Poppies were popular during Remembrance Day especially for the “No More War Movement”.
Old stories have it that poppies bloom alongside graveyards of soldiers who died in the Napoleonic war way back 1914. They were believed to be the blood spilt of soldiers thus poppies remind people of the bloodshed of war and how many lives are wasted because of it.
The White Poppies are therefore not created to insult those who have created red poppies as wreaths in memory of their lost loved ones during war. Instead it is to emphasize that war shoulnt flowers that remind people about the beauty of peace – while the Red Poppies remind people of the cost of war.
These days, the Peace Pledge Union sells the White Poppies and there are some who continue to make their own from home.
The White Poppy is more like a rounded flower. In its artificial form, it is usually made less than two inches per petal. The four petals are distributed evenly in a rounded shape white material with a small rounded green center usually with the word “peace” in white lettering on it. The rounded green material holds the petals together. These flowers are often decorated around the wreath.
They look flat but for an artificial flower they display beauty in a unique way.
As an artificial flower the white poppies have no herbal or medicinal value but it can be therapeutic in the sense that it provides people hope and some positive energy. White poppies are for peace and therefore these flowers will always remind people that there is still hope for all of us if we can all work together to attain peace. It gives us new strength and new joy for the brighter future.
However, real poppy flower are known for herbal and medicinal values – especially as a sedative and good for the digestive system too.
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Puerto Penasco, Mexico (Rocky Point)
Puerto Penasco is a small fishing village located on the Sea of Cortes in Mexico. Commonly referred to by American visitors as Rocky Point, this small fishing town has blossomed into a popular modern day vacation destination. Rocky Point is a little over 60 miles from the USA border which makes the seaside city a popular drive to destination by visitors from the USA. Residents of Phoenix, Arizona can drive to Puerto Penasco, Mexico in as little as 3 and a half hours. Rocky Point is often called “Arizona’s beach” because it is close in proximity in Arizona and easy to get to rather quickly.
Above from: http://www.puerto-penasco.com/
Read more about the Prickly Pear Cactus below.
22 “Yellow Prickly Pears” 12×24
DESCRIPTION BELOW FROM WWW.DESERTUSA.COM:
Most prickly pear cactus have yellow, red or purple flowers, even among the same species. They vary in height from less than a foot (Plains, Hedgehog, Tuberous) to 6 or 7 feet (Texas, Santa Rita, Pancake). Pads can vary in width, length, shape and color. The Beavertail, Santa Rita and Blind Pear are regarded as spineless, but all have glochids.
Prickly Pear Cactus flowers
Prickly pear cactus information
Prickly pear cactus represent about a dozen species of the Opuntia genus (Family Cactaceae) in the North American deserts. All have flat, fleshy pads that look like large leaves. The pads are actually modified branches or stems that serve several functions — water storage, photosynthesis and flower production. Chollas are also members of the Opuntia genus but have cylindrical, jointed stems rather than flat pads.
Like other cactus, most prickly pears and chollas have large spines — actually modified leaves — growing from tubercles — small, wart-like projections — on their stems. But members of the Opuntia genus are unique because of their clusters of fine, tiny, barbed spines called glochids. Found just above the cluster of regular spines, glochids are yellow or red in color and detach easily from the pads. Glochids are often difficult to see and more difficult to remove, once lodged in the skin.
Tiny, barbed spines called glochids.
The fruits of most prickly pears are edible and sold in stores under the name “tuna.” Prickly pear branches (the pads) are also cooked and eaten as a vegetable. They, too, are sold in stores under the name “Nopalito.” Because of the glochids, great care is required when harvesting or preparing prickly pear cactus. Both fruits and pads of the prickly pear cactus are rich in slowly absorbed soluble fibers that may help keep blood sugar stable.
Range & Habitat
Prickly pear cactus are found in all of the deserts of the American Southwest, with different species having adapted to different locale and elevation ranges. Most require course, well-drained soil in dry, rocky flats or slopes. But some prefer mountain pinyon/juniper forests, while others require steep, rocky slopes in mountain foothills. What is that white stuff on my cactus? The cochineal covers much of the lower elevations in the western United States and Mexico. It feeds almost solely on the pads of selected prickly pear cacti species.
There has been medical interest in the Prickly Pear plant. Some studies have shown that the pectin contained in the Prickly Pear pulp lowers levels of “bad” cholesterol while leaving “good” cholesterol levels unchanged. Another study found that the fibrous pectin in the fruit may lowers diabetics’ need for insulin. Both fruits and pads of the prickly pear cactus are rich in slowly absorbed soluble fibers that help keep blood sugar stable. There are on going studies and at this point there are no proven results on humans. You can make your own study and see if works for you, which is the only test that really counts.
In addition to the North American native prickly pear cactus listed below, there are many varieties, non-native imports and hybrids, so identification can often be difficult. Information on the 15 species below is based on wild, non-cultivated samples.
Read more: http://www.desertusa.com/cactus/prickly-pear-cactus.html#ixzz4USaazJID
